The Pmax–Qmax Duo: Together or Separately? We have already spent quite a bit of time working through the definition of the maximum active power (Pmax) of a Power Generating Module (PGM), but there is another quantity that causes even more serious interpretation issues—namely maximum reactive power (maximum reactive power), often denoted as Qmax (among others […]
Power System Simulations – “Who Needs That, Anyway?” Power system simulations are now an inevitable part of the broadly understood are of network analysis. It is difficult to describe in simple terms how far we (as engineers) have come – from classic, pioneering calculations done on piece of paper, through perforated FORTRAN cards, to powerful
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The Confusion Around Pmax The harmonization of national regulations with European guidelines (GL – Guidelines) and network codes (NC – Network Codes) has led to a change in the way the operation of the National Power System (KSE) is planned concerning reference capacity (power)—from gross (or gross-like) values to verified net values. This change has
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Village in Energy Sector – How Many Farms in PPM Regulation of the Minister of Climate and Environment on the specific conditions for the operation of the power system [1] introduced two “agricultural institutions”: Photovoltaic Farms (par. 2 sec. 4) Wind Farms (par. 2 sec. 5) which constitute an example of unnecessary regulation dictated by
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Do Non-Market Limitations Spell the End for Solar Energy? A number of individuals brought to my attention a publication that has been widely and uncritically shared by various people and personalities. The author of this publication cites parts of an article summarizing a meeting of members and experts from the Polish Photovoltaic Association, organized around
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